Sinai on Donner’s Hypothesis

Sinai has argued in a previous publication, at least the Medinan portions of the Qurʾān fairly consistently presuppose that Muḥammad’s followers form a community separate from Jews and Christians (See Sinai, “The Unknown Known,” 48–51 and 76–80). Shoemaker in fact agrees that there is some explicitly non-ecumenical material in the Qurʾān.

However, the very presence of non-ecumenical material in the Qurʾān seriously destabilizes Donner’s ecumenical hypothesis, which is to a very significant extent based on the Qurʾān.