In early Christianity we see a shift from a stance of soteriological inclusivism or universalism to exclusivism. In the second and third centuries some Christian theologians, such as Clement of Alexandria (150– 215) and Origen (184–253), as well as select Gnostics (the authors of the Secret Book of John and the Tripartite Tractate) adopted, in different ways and degrees, the possibility, or eventuality, of non-Christian salvation (Michael James McClymond, The Devil’s Redemption: A New History and Interpretation of Christian Universalism, 2 vols. (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2018), 1:144–54, 239–67).