- Hell as education: From place to state of being?
- Origin of Hell in Christianity
- Author of Matthew’s view of hell
- Paul’s view of Hell
- Josephus
- Gehenna
- Harrowing of Hell
- Sheol
- Ibn Arabi’s View of Hell
- Universalism & Gregory of Nissa
- Ibn Qayyim’s View of Hellfire
- Origen & Augustine: Differences Regarding Hell
- Ibn Taymiyyah & View of Hellfire
- Other views of Universalism