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1. Andrae, Ursprung, p. 4: ‘It is characteristic of Muhammad that he does not exhibit any of the moods and interests of the apocalyptic. Indeed, he betrays a pronounced animosity towards the apocalyptic desire for knowledge.’
2. As underlined by Andrae, the early Qur’an’s evocations and portrayals of the end of the world and the hereafter primarily serve to stoke and keep awake the fearful anticipation of the Judgement that the early Qur’anic proclamations place at the centre of their moral vision (See Andrae, Ursprung, p. 70).