Probably the majority of scholars today understand Ephesians and the Pastoral Epistles as the works of authors intending to bring Paul’s legacy to bear on a later generation. Comparison to the Acts of the Apostles has often figured prominently in discussions of this body of literature, for Acts represents yet another way that the legacy…

Starting Argument That the writing style of Ephesians stands out within the traditional Pauline corpus was seen already by Erasmus: “Certainly the style is so different from several of Paul’s letters, that it might seem to be by another, were it not for the fact that the spirit and nature of the Pauline mind altogether…

Introduction:The letter to the Colossians is sometimes taken to be the earliest surviving Pauline pseudepigraphon, and thus the earliest Christian forgery of any kind. But there is obviously no way to say for certain: we do not know who wrote the letter, to whom, or where. As a result, it is virtually impossible to establish…

Article James possesses a standard epistolary prescript (A to B, greetings), but additional epistolary markers are lacking and the actual writer of the document does not leverage his pseudepigraphal identity other than in that prescript. On the one hand, it is possible to follow Stephen R. Llewelyn in considering the prescript as a later addition…

She agrees that the author of the epistle claims to be James the brother of Jesus but that it wasn’t actually written by him. She dates it to the late first or early second century. She shares the view that the author knew Q, and she also referred to Hartins book on it.

Attestation of James James and 1 Peter share a striking number of elements: Authorship Jerome’s work on ‘Illustrious Men’, completed in 392–3 ce, reported that some believed it to have been penned by someone else and then published under James’s name: The problem with James is that it was not in widespread circulation at all.…

The letter attributed to James in the New Testament is thought by some to have been a forgery, written by someone other than James, the brother of Jesus and head of the church in Jerusalem. There are several reasons for this belief. Firstly, James of Nazareth was almost certainly illiterate and unable to write, whereas…

Although the quotation of 1 Enoch in Jude 14–15 is often noted, the complex dependencies between 1 Enoch, Jude, and the Petrine epistles, as well as the general importance of the theology of 1 Enoch in the New Testament, often go under-appreciated. Taking a closer look at these books provides some insight into how early…

Jude the Brother of James An initial question to be addressed concerns the book’s authorial claim. There are a number of persons named Jude/Judas in the New Testament : Judas Iscariot (Mark 3:19 and parallels; twenty-two occurrences altogether), Judas the son of James (the apostle, Luke 6:16), who may also be Judas “not Iscariot” of…

1 TimothyPhilo Who is the Heir of Divine Things 205:But on those minds which are ill-disposed and unproductive of knowledge, it pours forth a whole body of punishments, bringing upon them the most pitiable destruction of the deluge. And the Father who created the universe has given to his archangelic and most ancient Word a…