Noahide laws are clearly a positivist construct. “God” can arbitrarily override laws, i.e., the priesthood of “God” can arbitrarily override the law to serve its own interests.

In his commentary on Midrash Rabbah, Rabbi Ze’ev Wolf Einhorn (d. 1862) wrote that: “the opinion of our sages of blessed memory in these matters is well known: They believed that the Earth and the Great Ocean were flat.” https://www.academia.edu/688606/A_Study_in_Rabbinic_Cosmology

The charge of magic is legendary and its based off of Christians in the 2nd century. Justin Martyr, Tertullian, Athenegoras, Origen had to defend Jesus against the accusation of magic because in pagan circles, magic was a negative stereotype that wound up in Egypt (also in Exodus).

The Mishnah isn’t compiled until the third century CE. Mishnah. Encyclopaedia Judaica. 14 (2 ed.). p. 319. ISBN 978-0-02-865942-8.. Heinrich Graetz, dissenting, places the Mishnah’s compilation in 189 CE (see: H. Graetz, History of the Jews, vol. 6, Philadelphia 1898, p. 105) The Mishnah then received commentary that is compiled as the “Gemara” The combination…

“Yeshu ben Pandera” figure is the most interesting because it aligns with a lot of curious historical remnants:The Yeshu ben Pandera of the Talmud. The statue of a (Syrian?)-Roman soldier with the name “Pantera” from the same time as Jesus of Nazareth: Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera. “The True Word” by Celsus (which I think was…

To oversimplify some (still debated) basics of dating – the Mishnah is a late 2nd to 3rd century (or later) collection of writings, the Tosefta a 3rd to 4th century collection, the Jerusalem Talmud a 4th to 5th century collection, and the Babylonian Talmud a 5th to 6th (or later) century collection. In other words,…

The word “torah” means “a teaching”. The Torah is HaShem’s (God’s) teaching to the Jewish people. In the Torah HaShem tells us how to live. The Torah has many mitzvos (commandments) in it. They are HaShem’s instructions to us. The Torah also contains stories. These stories are true and teach us about our history and…

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/asin/0805210326/peterkirbyhttp://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/asin/0873064658/peterkirbyhttp://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/asin/0819700053/peterkirbyhttp://archive.org/details/TheBabylonianTalmudcompleteSoncinoEnglishTranslationhttp://hebrewbooks.org/9674http://www.tektonics.org/jesusexist/talmud.htmlhttp://www.infidels.org/library/modern/jeff_lowder/jury/chap5.html#talmud

The Babylonian Talmud is huge and occupies thirty volumes in the Soncino translation. The Mishnah is the earliest material and constitutes about 20% of the whole Babylonian Talmud. Amazingly, this great mass of material was passed on in oral form for generations of rabbis. The Mishnah was codified by Rabbi Judah before his death in…

Ernest R. Trattner writes:“The destruction of the Jewish National State and the burning of the Temple necessitated tremendous changes of a structural nature. Many old regulations had to be abolished. The High Court at Jamnia also took upon itself the power to suspend certain Biblical laws which were either obsolete or incapable of being fulfilled…