Article The details regarding the idols are reliable:

Article Is there any evidence external to the Muslim tradition that we can use? The only classical reference we have, in Josephus’s Jewish Antiquities (15:9:3), mentions that Herod dispatched 500 chosen men from his personal bodyguard to go with Aelius Gallus on his march through western Arabia to conquer the Yemen in 26–24 BCE, but…

A Greek inscription written by a Christian in honor of Muawiyah’s restoration of a bathhouse in 662: Line 1: † God’s servant Muaviye [Abdalla Maavia], his commander Line 2: believers’ hot baths Line 3: saved, repaired. .. Line 7: .. According to the Arabs in 42

Al-Jallad: “The attestation of Ād in Northwest Arabia also supports its relationship with Iram, whose modern form is Wadi Rum. The toponym is also attested in Nabataean as ʾrm /irem/(elif-ra-mim).” https://web.archive.org/web/20170828050810/https://aljallad.nl/marginal-notes-on-bs-164-the-tribe-of-ʿad/ It appears that Ellât is also mentioned as the god of Irem in an inscription in Ain esh-Shallāla, Wadi Rum, ‘ltw ‘lht’ dy b’rm…

A Greek inscription written by a Christian in honor of Muawiyah’s restoration of a bathhouse in 662: Line 1: † God’s servant Muaviye [Abdalla Maavia], his commander Line 2: believers’ hot baths Line 3: saved, repaired. .. Line 7: .. According to the Arabs in 42

Yemeni Jews, also known as Temani Jews, have a unique cultural and religious heritage deeply rooted in the Arabian Peninsula. They trace their origins back to ancient times : Biblical times. In the early fifth century, the Kings of Yemen (Himyara) had converted to Judaism. In 523, in response to Byzantine threats, the Jewish king…

As a great empire, Himyar left an important mark on the consciousness of Arabs, and in particular that of the Umayyads, who were known for their passion of pre-Islamic Arab history. When the Umayyads came to power, they were considered, in the continuity of pre-Islamic Arab history, as the successors of the Kings of Himyar.…

Safai inscriptions, which were frequently used in Jordan, Syria, Western Iraq, Northwest Saudi Arabia and Lebanon between the 1st century BC and the 4th century AD, give data about the belief in Allah in pre-Islamic Arabs. Before starting the flood, as the title suggests, the flood will not be about the concept of God in…

While pagan gods disappeared from the inscriptions in Southern Arabia in the 4th century, pagan gods completely disappeared from the inscriptions in Northern Arabia by the 6th century. In these inscriptions, which extend from Najran to Aleppo, only one god is mentioned from this period onwards: al-ilah. “South Arabian inscriptions are completely monotheistic after the…

In Crone’s work, R. B. Serjeant conducts a meticulous analysis, focusing on Arabic sources. Serjeant’s examination begins with the settlement of the Mecca valley by Quṣayy, despite its lack of natural resources. Due to this, Meccans were compelled to import foodstuffs, leading them to engage in long-distance caravan trade. Serjeant emphasizes that Yemen and Syria…