Muslim minorities under Christian rule had been genocided, forcefully converted and exiled. After ‘re-claiming’ Spain, Catholics had expelled a total of 100,00-2,000,000 Jews and 500,000-3,000,000 Muslims according to contemporary writers Navarrete (1626)³ and Guadalajara (1630). Chabot, Chronique de Michel le Syrien, vol 2, 443 A Brief History of Culture by John Shertzer Hittell. Page 137…

Article Historical background When Rabbel II, the last Nabataean king, died in AD 105/6, Rome, which seems to have been preparing for this moment, apparently launched a pincer attack on the kingdom from the north and the south. From Syria, Roman troops, probably from the VI Legion Ferrata (Kennedy 1980; Bowersock 1983, pp. 81–82; and…

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The Nabataean people are an ancient Arab people dating from 600 BC, while their kingdom dates from 400 BC. The kingdom and its people included northern Saudi Arabia, Palestine, Syria (as far as Damascus), Jordan and the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. Before their emergence as a transcontinental trading kingdom, the Nabataeans spoke local Bedouin dialects…

The truth is told without courtesy – regarding the origins of the Nabataeans; What is closest to reality is inferred from the name they gave to themselves, “Nabatu,” which refers to the method of preserving and controlling water that distinguished them from other tribes. Based on the fact that the area where their water conservation…

The three campaigns of the Kingdom of Antigonus against the Nabataeans in the late fourth century BC. Which all ended in failure. After taking control of the Levant, Antigonus (one of Alexander’s successors) sought to subjugate the Nabataeans. Mostly to control the trade routes coming from the south, which made the Nabataeans one of the…

The famous architect Apollodorus of Damascus, of Nabataean Arab origins, was the chief architect of the Roman Empire and its greatest architect. He reformulated the Roman architecture, where he made domes and eaves a basic criterion in it. He also introduced baroque styles and oriental patterns to it, leaving a permanent imprint on it and…