Sheol

In the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament, a good death meant burial inside the family tomb, where one would join one’s ancestors in death. This was the afterlife in biblical literature; it was a postmortem ideal that did not involve individual judgment or heaven and hell—instead it was collective. In Hebrew scriptures, a postmortem existence was rooted in mortuary practices and conceptualized through the embodiment of the dead. But this idea of the afterlife was not hopeless or fatalistic, consigned to the dreariness of the tomb. The dead were cherished and remembered, their bones were cared for, and their names lived on as ancestors. The Iron Age mortuary culture of Judah is the starting point for this study, and the practice of collective burial inside the Judahite rock-cut bench tomb is compared to biblical traditions of family tombs and of joining one’s ancestors in death. Death was a transition managed through ritual action. The connections that were forged through such actions, such as ancestor veneration, were socially meaningful for the living and ensured a measure of immortality for the dead.
https://academic.oup.com/book/9018/chapter-abstract/155527592?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false
The term “Sheol” that occurs throughout the Hebrew Bible has two general senses related to death. It can be used to refer to a mythologized realm of the dead, or, more commonly, it appears as a type of tomb. The two senses overlap, but they are important to distinguish when analyzing the poetic imagery associated with Sheol, because they both form contexts of death that surround the psalmist. This chapter’s review of four psalms explores the sense of death that is associated with Sheol. In these psalms, Sheol conveys an idea of liminality that is consistent with the transitional nature of death. Sheol represents the boundaries that separate the living from the dead. It is something that marginalizes those it affects, and as such it reflects a dynamic nature of death.
https://muse.jhu.edu/article/678740

Egyptians:

Whether the term means grave or underworld:

“In Hebrew thought, Sheol is rather than a place where the wicked are punished; It was a place where the souls of all the dead resided and no one could return. Here all hope is lost, and God has no further dealings with these forever forgotten dead.” | Mark T. Finney

In the Hebrew Bible, Sheol does not signify hell; rather, it is a dark, murky place where all the dead, both the righteous and the wicked, reside. On Sheol in the Hebrew Bible, see:

Alan E. Bernstein, The Formation of Hell: Death and Retribution in the Ancient and Early Christian Worlds (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993), 133–67; Segal, Life after Death, 134–40; Jon Douglas Levenson, Creation and the Persistence of Evil: The Jewish Drama of Divine Omnipotence, Mythos (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994), 35–66.

The dead live in a shadowy, half-conscious state and cannot praise God (see Ps 6:6). In Ps 9:18, the psalmist is articulating a wish that the wicked and idolatrous nations be destroyed. The rabbis, however, consistently interpret Sheol as referring to Gehinnom (hell), a place where some of the dead will be punished through fire (and, in some sources, snow). Sheol in Psalms thus, for the rabbis, no longer connotes simply death, but the experience of torture after death. Moreover, goyim (“nations”) denotes not only the non-Israelite nations, as used in the Hebrew Bible, but also individual non-Jews. With these interpretive transformations, R. Eliezer reads Ps 9:18 not as a plea leveled at God to kill the wicked and idolatrous nations, as a simple reading suggests, but as pronouncing a theological fact: wicked Jews along with the gentiles— even the righteous ones—are destined for hell. He reads the verse as if it says, “God sends the wicked (Jews) to Gehinnom, and also all the gentiles [גוים כל[. “R. Yehoshua disagrees and argues that one must not elide the concluding phrase of the verse: only gentiles who “forget” God are destined for hell. Righteous gentiles, in R. Yehoshua’s view, will be spared such agony.