The Aramaic World at the Beginning of the First Millennium:
The Spread of Aramaic in the Greek and Persian Eras:
The Cradle of Syriac:
Centers of Syriac Culture in the Pre-Islamic Period:
Centers of Syriac Culture in the Pre-Islamic Period:
Areas of Syriac Influence in the South: Arabia, the Arab-Persian Gulf, Ethiopia (5th-8th centuries):
Greatest Extent of Syriac Influence:
Syriac Churches in the Roman and Sasanian Empires around 600 C.E:
Political Fragmentation in the 12th-13th Centuries:
Syriac Centers in the Sasanian Empire:
Lebanon and Western Syria:
From Edessa to Lake Urmia:
