Who Was the First Bishop of Rome? https://ehrmanblog.org/who-was-the-first-bishop-of-rome/According to the second-century Irenaeus, it was a man named Linus, who was appointed to the office by Peter and Paul (Against Heresies 3, 3, 3). In one place the father of church history, Eusebius, appears to agree with this, to some extent, when he says that “the…

Article The author of 1 Clement is communicating that internal disputes between Christians provoked imperial attention and eventually led to the deaths of Peter and Paul. The evidence from the text itself points strongly in that direction, although this is certainly a story that authors like Luke and Clement would not want to highlight, for…

Article https://youtu.be/vO6-HL_88b0?t=217 Here Chrissy Hansen is going to argue (further with Eastmann’s thesis, that the Romans executed Paul/Peter because of Christians fighting among each other and sectarian wars). https://youtu.be/vO6-HL_88b0?t=1142 Peter not in Rome

What was Muḥammad’s (d. ca. 632 ce) religious background? Much remains unclear, however. One of the main reasons for this is that we have almost no material remains from the Hijaz, Western Arabia, during the crucial centuries before Muḥammad’s mission. Hijaz, Western Arabia, during the crucial centuries before Muḥammad’s mission. The fifth and sixth centuries…

Sinai has argued in a previous publication, at least the Medinan portions of the Qurʾān fairly consistently presuppose that Muḥammad’s followers form a community separate from Jews and Christians (See Sinai, “The Unknown Known,” 48–51 and 76–80). Shoemaker in fact agrees that there is some explicitly non-ecumenical material in the Qurʾān. However, the very presence…

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Article That there was contact between the Qur’anic community and Jews and Christians has hardly been doubted and is buttressed by increasingly specific analyses of the Qur’an in its late antique context (see Neuwirth ([2010] 2019), Reynolds (2018) and Sinai (2016, esp. 59–78 and 138–158) & Zellentin (2022, 2013)). Recent archaeological and epigraphical findings, moreover,…

We see more Christians in Arabic Literature for Mecca rather than Medina though: His verses show him still praying in churches during the Prophet’s sojourn in Medina. Ṣirma had a son, Qays, to whom some ḥadīths were attributed. The information that Ṣirma’s father also composed poetry is possible but I have not been able to…

John is crucial. He is an eyewitness of the first fitna and comments on it claiming that “The Arabs, too, are shown to endure God’s wrath in the form of a division of their kingdom (malkūtā), a reference to their first civil war (656–61).” [Need exact quote] He is an eyewitness to: Thus if there…