Despite a growing consensus that Paul wrote Philippians from Ephesus, there are still some who argue that he wrote the letter while imprisoned in Rome. These arguments rely on interpretations of Paul’s phrase in Phil. 1.13 (ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ πραιτωρίῳ) as ‘Praetorian Guard’ or ‘Imperial Guard’, that is, as a reference to the Roman emperor’s…

Now most would suggest that what Paul was talking about were saints in the familia Caesaris—an entity commonly defined as the collectivity of the emperor’s slaves and freedmen in the imperial bureaucracy spread throughout the Roman world. There is also a growing consensus that Paul did not write Philippians from Rome, but from the province…

David Bentley Hart also states that Phillipians 2 is rendered as “in the form of a god” which is in line with the angelic exaltation christology that Erhman discusses, Jesus is an angel who is subordinate and elevated to equality with Yahweh. For Greek, I am talking about… the Greek. That is what Fredriksen said.…

It’s not simply the presence of the tem ἐπισκόποις, but the description of a heirarchical church structure of which the “bishop” or “overseer” is a part. From Forgery and Counterforgery by Bart Ehrman, p. 205: It should not be objected that Philippians 1:1 presents us with the same situation already in Paul’s lifetime. Overseers and…

From Hawthorne and Martin’s WBC commentary: Who was this Clement? It is impossible to answer this question, other than to say that in all likelihood he was a Philippian Christian. Evidently he was so well known within the church that Paul did not need to identify him, and he did not think to do so…

Introduction 📜Philippians is generally accepted to be authentic Pauline correspondence.Edgar J. Goodspeed indicates that there are a few problems with thinking that Philippians is a unity (An Introduction to the New Testament, pp. 90-92):The first problem is that the thoughts in this letter appear out of order. “In chapter 1 he is making the best…

Bernard Muller makes an interesting case for regarding Hebrews 9.27-28 as an interpolation: On the subject of addition, it is rather obvious that the following verses is also one of those:Heb 9:27-28 “Just as man is destined to die once, and after that to face judgment, so Christ was sacrificed once to take away the…

Several major considerations militate against Pauline authorship. The stylistic factors that impressed Clement and Origen are certainly significant. There is not in the Pauline corpus, even in such a relatively reflective and carefully composed work as Romans, anything that matches the studied prose of Hebrews with its careful structure and rich rhetorical embellishment. Contentual factors,…

Even the presence of a name may not actually be necessary; it has recently been argued that while Hebrews was originally anonymous with a history of false attribution to Paul, it should nevertheless be considered under the category of Pauline pseudepigrapha because of the incorporation of Pauline language and Paul’s identity as the author’s own…