“The word ‘election’, as applied to Israel, usually carries a further connotation: not simply the divine choice of this people, but more specifically the divine choice of this people for a particular purpose.”” Paul and the Faithfulness of God, pg. 775 “YHWH’s choice of Israel as his people, was aimed not simply at Israel itself,…

Augustine became quite involved with Manichaeism in his youth, and he was very familiar with its concepts. He, and others that he talks to seem to think of Manichaeism as a Christian religion, though one corrupted by falsehoods. Augustine continues to speak highly of the piety of the Manichaens, even after becoming a Catholic Christian,…

Resources Acts of the Lateran Council Riedinger, R. (ed.) (1984), Concilium Lateranense anno 649 celebratum, Series secunda, volumen primum. ACO i. (Berlin: W. de Gruyter). Acts of the Sixth Ecumenical Council Riedinger, R. (ed.) (1990–92), Concilium universale Constantinopolitanum tertium, Series secunda, volumen secundum. ACO ii. 2 vols. (Berlin: W. de Gruyter). Anonymous Chronicle to 1234…

Background In his lifetime, which spanned the period c.580–662, Maximus was the subject of no fewer than five Byzantine emperors: Tiberius (578–82), Maurice (582–602), Phocas (602–10), Heraclius (610–41) (see Reinink and Stolte 2002), and Constans II (645–68) (Haldon 1997; Kaegi 2003). In addition, he lived through the times of many patriarchs of Constantinople and bishops…

Article Currently there is no widespread agreement on what constitutes gnosis or the gnostic identity in the ancient world. David Brakke argues that one can use the term “Gnostic” in a narrow sense to identify a particular Christian group in antiquity (The Gnostics: Myth, Ritual, and Diversity in Early Christianity [Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,…

While Christians such as Marcion and Tertullian say that people will have the essence of angels in the world to come, Origen thinks differently that everyone who follows Christ will not only resemble angels in the future, but will turn into a body like stars and become completely angels. Apart from Origen’s idea of ​​turning…

John Calvin, an influential Protestant reformer whom the Presbyterian and the Baptists follow (aka Calvanist), burned his opponent Michael Servetus alive for the Heretical views. Michael hoped he get executed instead of getting burned alive. but instead of accepting the plea to mercy, he was burned alive in green woods and sulfur was added to…

http://www.ntcanon.org/Origen.shtml

Origen describes Marcion and others like as teachers of heresy, in part because of Marcion’s literal reading of the violence in texts like the conquest narrative. But Marcion and Valentinus and Basilides and the other heretics with them, since they refuse to understand these things in a manner worthy of the Holy Spirit, “deviated from…

In his On First Principles, he seems to propose a theory of preexistent souls that are incarnated because of a sort of neglect of the God above them. (This was likely something his teacher Ammonius Saccas taught, as we see a similar idea in Plotinus, another one of his students.) But that’s not re-incarnation, an…