Malik ibn Vadaukas, ruler and sheikh of an Arab tribe called the Assanitae. The Roman historian Marcellinus mentioned his many bloody raids on lands under Roman control. He also allied with the Sassanians in repelling Emperor Julian’s campaign against Mesopotamia in the middle of the fourth century AD.

The historian Polybius narrates that the victories of the Seleucid king Antiochus III over the Ptolemies in 218 BC. It motivated Arabs in neighboring regions to join him. However, the Ptolemies responded by invading the Arab regions that supported him, invading Rabbat Ammon (Amman). Antiochus and the Arabs with him went to defend it until…

A doctor and politician of Arab origins who lived in Rome during the third century AD. He was also a philosopher and a close friend of Plotinus and one of his students. Researcher Richard Bauckham gave the name “Zeed” as his original name before he adopted the name “Zethos”.

Writings from Beit Belet (Tell of Joy) near Gaza dating back to 300 BC. A man named “Shibi Al-Arabi” was mentioned in it as a party to a commercial contract. The researcher indicates that the writing used is Aramaic in a Phoenician style. The contract may have been between Shebey and Phoenician merchants in the…

Alexander the Great’s siege of Gaza and the heroism of its Arab garrison in defending it, led by the Arab governor of the city, Battis. Gaza, which was inhabited by an Arab majority and enjoyed autonomy within the borders of the Achaemenid state in the fourth century BC. It has a pivotal strategic location on…

A: aceite, almohada, aceituna, alfombra, aduana, arroz B: baño, barrio, bata, balde, baza, bellota C: café, cifra, chaleco, chisme, cequia, cohol D: dado, daga, diván, dante, destartalado-da, dinar E: escabeche, elixir, elche, embarazar, engarzar, escaque F: fideo, foz, falagar, faquir, farda, fulano-na G: granadí, galima, guarismo, gabán, gandul-la, garroba H: hola, harén, hachís, hazaña, hasta,…

Arabic poetry and its contribution to the formation of European poetry through cultural contact between southern France and Andalusia. “These authors saw that the form and content in modern European poetry came from Arabic poetry in Andalusia through the troubadour poets in Provence.”

Arab lineages and tribes documented by Lisan al-Din ibn al-Khatib (1313 AD – 1374 AD) in Andalusia. “Andalusian civilization, which was more beautiful and greater than any other, was not based on a Persian or Greek foundation. Indeed, it was more purely Arab than Arab civilizations anywhere else.” The Arab people of Andalusia remained keen…

That Oxford Study was written before the discovery of these two Arabic Inscriptions from North Jordan. There is also the famous Arabic Namara Inscription (South Syria, 328 CE). The Only Three Pre-Islamic Arabic inscriptions with evidence of someone self identifying as ‘Arab’.