According to the vision of Sir Christopher Wren, one of the most prominent English architects, the architecture known as Gothic architecture should be renamed Saracen (Arab) architecture because the origin of its emergence began in the East at their hands.

The Dome of the Rock Mosque, one of the glories of Umayyad Arab architecture, is unique from previous buildings in that it consists of 3 parts: An external and middle part in the form of an octagon (octagon) and an internal part in a circular shape (rattan), as this overlapping arrangement in the parts of…

The decorations of the caldarium dome in Qusayr Amra al-Umayyad are the oldest celestial maps of the stars and constellations drawn on a hollow spherical surface (dome), which was specially built for Prince (and later Caliph) Al-Walid II, who was fond of astronomy.

First of all, the name “Phoenician” is an exonym of Greek origin. The Greeks thus designated the Mediterranean peoples originating from the current Levant who produced the color purple and displayed it on their ships and outfits. “It is the Greek texts which designate this people by the term Phoinikes, and the region where they…

The Australian historian Ball records in his writings how the Roman conquest of the Middle East accelerated the movement of Arabs towards the Mediterranean and Europe. A movement which began with the Phoenician colonization of the first millennium BC according to him. According to him, Greek is as much an Arabic language as Arabic is…

Some Assyrian correspondence related to the Arabs at the time of Sargon II, the end of the eighth century BC. Remember the presence of an Arab in the heart of the Euphrates Peninsula near the city of Kalh (Nimrud), and also in the Soho area near Khinzano (the city of Al-Qaim) in the middle of…

A precious stone engraved with the image of the Empress of Rome, Julia Domna, descended from the Homs Arab dynasty, the Shamsigrams. Unlike the wives of Roman emperors, Julia accompanied her husband, Emperor Septimius Severus, on military campaigns. It also enjoyed many titles, political influence, and an effective role in government administration.

Palmyra is Arabic in name and origin. “Due to the vacuum left by the weakness of the Seleucid state, many Arab mini-states emerged in the region. [Including] Palmyra, which was established as a confederation (tribal alliance) of four Arab tribes.”

The Arab region, Arabia Nome, is one of the administrative regions in Ptolemaic Egypt, founded at the beginning of the Macedonian era. It was called Arab because the majority of its residents were Arabs. Its parts included the regions east of the Nile Delta, and its capital was the city of Faqus. While the governor…